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Robert Surcouf
Robert Surcouf (12 December 1773 – 8 July 1827) was a French privateer and slave trader who operated in the Indian Ocean between 1789 and 1801, and again from 1807 to 1808, capturing over 40 prizes, while amassing a large fortune as a ship-owner, both from privateering and from commerce for a time.〔Alain Roman; summary on (Robert Surcouf ), www.netmarine.net〕
Surcouf started his career as a sailor and officer on the slave ships ''Aurore'', ''Courrier d'Afrique'' and ''Navigateur''. Having risen to Captain, and in spite of the prohibition of slave trading by the National Convention in 1793, he engaged in the business himself as a captain on ''Créole''. He then captained the merchantman ''Émilie'', on which he engaged in commerce raiding despite lacking a letter of marque. He preyed on British shipping, capturing the East Indiaman ''Triton'', before returning to Île de France, where his prizes were confiscated. He then returned to France, where he obtained prize money from the government.
Returning to the Indian Ocean, Surcouf captained the privateers ''Clarisse'' and ''Confiance'', raiding British, American and Portuguese merchantmen. He captured the East Indiaman ''Kent'' on 7 October 1800. Returning to France, he was awarded the Legion of Honour and settled as a ship-owner.
He briefly returned to the Indian Ocean in 1807 on the custom-built ''Revenant'' before returning to France. There, he armed privateers and merchantmen. His privateers led successful campaigns against the British in the Indian Ocean and disastrous ones in the English Channel, except for ''Renard'' which achieved fame in her very costly victory over on 9 September 1812 which exploded after repulsing French attempts at boarding it causing many casualties. After the Bourbon restoration, he organised fishing expeditions to Terre-Neuve and amassed a considerable fortune. He died in 1827 and is buried in a graveyard at Saint-Malo.
==Career==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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